听了蔡健雅唱的《达尔文》也来谈谈达尔文！
Charles Robert Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) was an English naturalist, eminent as a collector and geologist, who proposed and provided scientific evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection.
The fact that evolution occurs became accepted by the scientific community and the general public in his lifetime, while his theory of natural selection came to be widely seen as the primary explanation of the process of evolution in the 1930s, and now forms the basis of modern evolutionary theory. In modified form, Darwin’s scientific discovery remains the foundation of biology, as it provides a unifying logical explanation for the diversity life.
Darwin's five year voyage on the Beagle established him as a geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell’s uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author. Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin investigated the transmutation of species and conceived his theory of natural selection in 1838.
He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay which described a similar theory, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories.
His 1859 book On the Origin of Species established evolution by common descent as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.
His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, he examined earthworms and their effect on soil.
In recognition of Darwin’s pre-eminence, he was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Issac Newton. (Abstract from Wikipedia)
Interested parties can view the complete work of Charles Darwin from the official website:
http://www.darwin-online.org.uk
查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文
英国博物学家，进化论的奠基人。1809—1882年，他以博物学家的身份，参加了英国派遣的环球航行，做了五年的科学考察。在动植物和地质方面进行了大 量的观察和采集，经过综合探讨，形成了生物进化的概念。
1859年出版了震动当时学术界的《物种起源》。书中用大量资料证明了形形色色的生物都不是上帝创 造的，而是在遗传、变异、生存斗争中和自然选择中，由简单到复杂，由低等到高等，不断发展变化的，提出了生物进化论学说，从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论和物种不变论。
恩格斯将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一（其他两个是细胞学说，能量守恒和转化定律）。他所提出的天择与性择，在目前的生命科学中是一致通用的理论。除了生物学之外，他的理论对人类学、心理学以及哲学来说也相当重要。
进化论（evolution）在19世纪后用于生物学，专指生物由简单到复杂、由低级到高级的变化发展。
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